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French literature
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Open copy of Voltaire's Candide showing pages 242 and 243, with text in French and rough, untrimmed page edges, bound in its original blue-paper wrapper. Émile Zola Medieval illuminated painting by Loyset Liedet showing the Battle of Sluys with armored soldiers fighting on crowded wooden ships, some falling into the water, with banners and sails overhead. setting for the Valenciennes mystery play
A vintage encyclopedia page shows small type and scientific illustrations. The question What was Enlightenment? is written in old-fashioned blue lettering.
Title page of Voltaire's Candide, ou l'Optimisme, printed in 1759, with French text, a floral ornament, and handwritten notes at the bottom.
How Voltaire might present Candide and the Age of Enlightenment
Victor Hugo, 1867
Find out about Jean Cocteau's Surrealist stage production of William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet
Black-and-white photo of a suited man with glasses on a balcony; overlaid text reads “Who was Jean‑Paul Sartre?” with a hazy cityscape in the background.
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Hand with pencil writing on page. (handwriting; write)
Word Nerd Quiz
4:043 Dickinson, Emily: A Life of Letters, This is my letter to the world/That never wrote to me; I'll tell you how the Sun Rose/A Ribbon at a time; Hope is the thing with feathers/That perches in the soul
Famous Poets and Poetic Form
Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) only confirmed photograph of Emily Dickinson. 1978 scan of a Daguerreotype. ca. 1847; in the Amherst College Archives. American poet. See Notes:
Poetry: First Lines
French author Emile Zola in his office on rue de Bruxelles, Paris, France; undated.
Exploring French Literature Quiz
Colette, in full Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette, outstanding French writer of the first half of the 20th century.
French Writers Quiz
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French literature: Media

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Videos

What was Enlightenment? Explaining the Age of Reason
The search for knowledge never ends—but it started somewhere.
Video: EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica, Inc.
How Voltaire might present Candide and the Age of Enlightenment
This 1976 production by EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica Educational Corporation imagines...
Video: EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica, Inc.
Find out about Jean Cocteau's Surrealist stage production of William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet
Learn about Jean Cocteau's Surrealist stage production of William Shakespeare's Romeo...
Video: Courtesy of Folger Shakespeare Library; CC-BY-SA 4.0 (A Britannica Publishing Partner)
Nausea, Nothingness, and Existentialism: Meet Jean-Paul Sartre
According to this philosopher, “Man is condemned to be free.”
Video: EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica, Inc.

Images

early printing of Voltaire's Candide
An early version of Voltaire's Candide printed in London, 1759.
The Newberry Library, Louis H. Silver Collection purchase, 1965 (A Britannica Publishing Partner)
Émile Zola
Émile Zola reads in his office in Paris, France.
Musée Carnavalet, Histoire de Paris, Paris Musées
Battle of Sluis during the Hundred Years' War
Battle of Sluis during the Hundred Years' War, illustration from Jean Froissart's...
© Fine Art Images—Heritage Images/Getty Images
setting for the Valenciennes mystery play
Setting for the Valenciennes mystery play, miniature by Hubert Cailleau, 1547; in...
Courtesy of the BibliothĂšque Nationale, Paris
Candide
Title page of an early printed version of Voltaire's Candide published in...
The Newberry Library, Louis H. Silver Collection purchase, 1964 (A Britannica Publishing Partner)
Victor Hugo, 1867
French Romantic writer Victor Hugo died in Paris in 1885 and was given a national...
© Photos.com/Jupiterimages
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