Why is the Bible divided into Old and New Testaments?

Written by

Melissa Petruzzello

Fact-checked by

Britannica Editors

Last updated

Nov. 12, 2026 •History

The Christian Bible is divided into the Old and New Testaments, reflecting the Christian understanding of two stages in the relationship between God and humanity. The larger Old Testament comprises ancient Jewish writings from before the time of Jesus, while the much smaller New Testament consists of 27 books written after Jesus. The word testament in this context means “covenant,” or a sacred agreement between God and his people. Christianity traditionally understands the Old Testament...