white magic

In Western traditions, "white magic" is distinguished from "black magic," with the former ostensibly used for beneficial purposes. While the boundaries between different types of magic can be unclear, white magic, like other forms, involves the practitioner accessing unseen forces and possessing special knowledge of words and actions to manipulate them.123

During the late Middle Ages and early modern period in Europe, magic was often viewed as part of a demonic cult, leading to persecution. However, forms of white magic persisted, often blending with mysticism and emerging scientific thought. Practitioners might engage with ancient practices, Neoplatonic mysticism, or texts on alchemy and astrology. These practices, while generally tolerated if perceived as within established traditions, could sometimes be viewed with suspicion. The effectiveness of magic is believed to stem from the magician's condition and performance, utilizing spells, materials, and rituals to achieve goals such as acquiring knowledge, power, love, wealth, or to heal and protect.41523