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unification of Italy
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Map of Italy showing the process of unification, with regions color-coded and labeled by the year they were annexed, first to Sardinia-Piedmont and, after 1861, to the Kingdom of Italy. The map includes major cities, surrounding countries, and historical boundaries, highlighting the gradual incorporation of territories from 1859 to 1920. Map of Europe in 1812 showing the greatest territorial extent of the Napoleonic Empire. The French Empire is highlighted in brown, surrounded by green areas representing states under Napoleon's control, purple for states allied with Napoleon, and orange for states opposed to Napoleon. Major countries and regions, including the United Kingdom, Russian Empire, Austrian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia, and Spain, are labeled with color coding to indicate their alignment or control. Marie-Louise Charles Albert of Sardinia-Piedmont Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Mazzini Photograph of Pope Pius IX Field Marshal Joseph Radetzky Daniele Manin Engraving of Victor Emanuel II seated, wearing a decorated military uniform with medals and a sash, his right hand resting on a sword hilt. Giuseppe Garibaldi, 1861
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Unification of Italy
The unification of Italy. The dates are those of annexation, first to Sardinia-Piedmont...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Greatest extent of Napoleon I's empire, 1812
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Marie-Louise
Austrian Archduchess Marie-Louise, detail of a portrait by Joseph Franque; in the...
Alinari/Art Resource, New York
Charles Albert of Sardinia-Piedmont
Charles Albert of Sardinia-Piedmont, portrait by Angelo Capisani; in the Museo Nazionale...
© Fine Art Images—Heritage Images/Getty Images
Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Mazzini
Giuseppe Mazzini, detail of an oil painting by Luigi Zuccoli, 1865; in the Museo...
Courtesy of the Museo del Risorgimento, Milan
Photograph of Pope Pius IX
Pius IX is the longest-reigning pope in the history of the Roman Catholic Church....
Felici/M. Grimoldi
Field Marshal Joseph Radetzky
Joseph, Graf Radetzky.
Biographie des k.k. Feldmarschall Josef Graf Radetsky von Hradetz by Alois Ritter von Haymerle, 1886
Daniele Manin
Italian political leader Manin, detail of an oil painting by an unknown artist, 1848;...
Courtesy of the Civici Musei, Venice
Victor Emmanuel II, undated engraving
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Giuseppe Garibaldi, 1861
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (file no. LC-DIG-ppmsca-08351)
Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour
Alfredo Dagli Orti—REX/Shutterstock.com
Gen. Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora
La Marmora, detail of a lithograph by Masutti.
Courtesy of the Museo Centrale del Risorgimento, Rome
Giuseppe Garibaldi in Sicily
Giuseppe Garibaldi with his 1,000 Redshirts landing at Marsala, Sicily, on May 11,...
De Antonis, Rome
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