three-valued logic

Three-valued logic is a type of logic that uses three truth values instead of the traditional two (true and false). This concept challenges the classical laws of logic, such as the law of excluded middle, which states that a proposition is either true or false, with no in-between.12

Philosophical discussions around three-valued logic often arise from considering statements about future events that are uncertain, or propositions that may not have a clear truth value. For example, the statement "There will be a sea battle tomorrow" might be considered neither definitively true nor false, but perhaps "half-true". This approach allows for a more nuanced representation of truth beyond a simple binary system.34