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Substance
Introduction References & Edit History Related Topics
Images
Marble bust of Aristotle with a beard and draped robe, showing detailed facial features and wavy hair, set against a dark background. Portrait of Benedict de Spinoza, 17th-century Dutch-Jewish philosopher, with shoulder-length dark hair, white collar, and black robe, set against a dark background.

Substance: References & Edit History

More Articles On This Topic

  • Christianity
    / Evidentialist approach
  • Idealism
    / Ultimate reality
  • Indian philosophy
    / Organization and contents
  • Indian philosophy
    / The old school
  • Islam
    / The teachings of al-Kindī
  • Islam
    / The teachings of Mullā Ṣadrā
  • philosophy of mind
    / Substance
  • Positivism
    / The critical positivism of Mach and Avenarius
  • Stoicism
    / Early Greek Stoicism
  • metaphysics
    / Aristotelianism
  • Epistemology
    / Substance
  • Innate idea
  • Benedict de Spinoza
    / Rijnsburg and The Hague
  • Benedict de Spinoza
    / The period of the Ethics of Benedict de Spinoza
  • Benedict de Spinoza
    / The period of the Ethics of Benedict de Spinoza
  • Rationalism
    / Epistemological rationalism in modern philosophies

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

  • Peter van Inwagen

Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors

  • Brian Duignan
  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Article title updated for style.
  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Nov 04, 2026
New article added.
  • Brian Duignan
Mar 22, 2023
View Changes:
Article History
Revised:
By:
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