special verdict

A special verdict is a legal tool used in common-law systems, particularly in jury trials. Instead of a general verdict that simply states the outcome, a special verdict requires the jury to answer specific factual questions posed by the judge. The judge then applies the law to the jury's factual findings to reach a final conclusion.1

This method offers greater control over the decision-making process compared to a general verdict, which allows the jury more leeway in applying the law. A directed verdict, also known as a judgment as a matter of law, occurs when a judge rules that the evidence presented by the party with the burden of proof is insufficient. In such cases, the judge may remove the case from the jury, terminating the trial. This is permissible when there's not enough evidence to create a material issue of disputed fact for the jury to decide.12