sparkling wine

Sparkling wine is an effervescent table wine containing excess carbon dioxide, which creates bubbles. It typically has less than 4 percent sugar.123

There are two primary methods for producing sparkling wine:
* Second Fermentation: This involves adding sugar and yeast to a base wine, causing a secondary fermentation that produces carbon dioxide. This can be done in individual bottles (the traditional method, used for Champagne) or in large tanks (used for Prosecco and Lambrusco).234
* Direct Carbonation: This method involves adding carbon dioxide directly to the wine.2

Sparkling wines are always table wines and usually have an alcohol content of 10-11.5 percent, increasing by about 1 percent after secondary fermentation. Special bottles are used to withstand the pressure created by the carbonation.23