shenjiao

Shenjiao, often translated as "religion of the gods" or "spirit religion," is the unorganized undercurrent of Chinese religious culture. It is not a distinct tradition but is shared across all societal levels. The deities in shenjiao originate from various traditions and are seen as intimately involved in daily life, bestowing blessings or causing calamities. Every aspect of life has a presiding spirit that requires attention, consultation, or appeasement, especially during significant family or community events. In modern times, the fashi (magician) is central to shenjiao practices, performing "little rites" in contrast to the "great rites" of orthodox Taoist priests. Both types of priests operate in the same temples, offering services for life events like births, marriages, and burials.1