school bullying

Bullying is defined as intentional harm-doing or harassment directed at vulnerable targets, typically repeated over time. This behavior can manifest as physical violence, verbal mockery, threats, ostracism, or the spread of rumors, including through the internet. Some scholars argue that even a single incident can constitute bullying, and not all individuals involved fit neatly into "bully" or "victim" categories, with a "bully-victim" group also identified.1

In educational settings, bullying is a common experience. Research indicates that bullying increases with age, peaking in early adolescence, and that boys tend to bully more frequently than girls, often targeting other boys. However, these gender differences may be less pronounced when considering subtle forms of aggression like rumor-mongering and ostracism, which can also include cyberbullying. Consequences for victims can be severe, including suicidal ideation, social isolation, anxiety, depression, and diminished academic performance. Bullies themselves are also at risk for mental health problems and are more likely to face legal issues later in life.1