sanctuary

In international law, asylum is the protection a state grants to a foreign citizen against their own state. This protection is not a legal right for the individual to demand, nor an obligation for the sheltering state to provide.1

There are three main categories of asylum:
* Territorial asylum: Granted within the borders of the sheltering state, it's an exception to extradition and primarily protects those accused of political offenses.1
* Extraterritorial asylum: Provided in places like embassies or consulates located in foreign territory.1
* Neutral asylum: Offered by neutral states during wartime to intern troops from belligerent nations.1

Historically, the concept of sanctuary, a sacred place offering refuge, predates modern international law. This idea evolved into a place of protection, and in some contexts, like "sanctuary cities," it refers to jurisdictions that limit cooperation with federal authorities regarding undocumented immigrants. While the Universal Declaration of Human Rights acknowledges the right to seek asylum, it does not explicitly grant a right to be granted asylum.231