relative frequency interpretation

The relative frequency interpretation of probability states that if an experiment is repeated many times under the same conditions, the proportion of times a specific event occurs will be close to the probability of that event. This means that while the outcome of a single random event cannot be predicted with certainty, the collective results of numerous trials tend to show a pattern.12

For example, when tossing a fair coin, the probability of getting "heads" is 0.5. According to the relative frequency interpretation, if you toss the coin a large number of times, the number of heads you get will be approximately half of the total tosses. This principle applies to various scenarios, from games of chance like rolling dice to more complex situations like opinion polls and clinical trials. The law of large numbers mathematically expresses this concept, indicating that as the number of trials increases, the observed frequency of an event converges to its theoretical probability.132