regular plural

In English grammar, a regular plural is formed by adding "-s" or "-es" to the end of a singular noun. For example, "cat" becomes "cats," and "box" becomes "boxes". This rule applies to most nouns, but there are exceptions, particularly for words ending in "-ch," "-s," "-sh," "-x," or "-z," which typically add "-es". Nouns ending in "-y" usually change the "y" to "i" and add "-es" if preceded by a consonant (e.g., "baby" to "babies"), but add only "-s" if preceded by a vowel (e.g., "monkey" to "monkeys"). Nouns ending in "-o" after a consonant generally take "-es" (e.g., "potato" to "potatoes"), while those after a vowel take "-s" (e.g., "zoo" to "zoos"). Irregular plurals do not follow these rules and are formed in other ways, often reflecting older English pluralization methods or originating from foreign languages.123