raʾy
Quick Summary
The term "Ra'y" in Islam refers to personal thought and opinion. It was an early method of legal reasoning that preceded and was criticized by traditional authorities for being too arbitrary. Ra'y is considered a forerunner to qiyas, which is analogical reasoning used in Islamic law to deduce principles from the Quran and Sunnah when situations are not explicitly covered.12
Qiyas is one of the four sources of Islamic jurisprudence, alongside the Quran, Sunnah, and ijma' (scholarly consensus). The need for qiyas arose as the Islamic state expanded and encountered new situations beyond the direct guidance of the Quran and Sunnah.1
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- ijtihād
…mainly in the form of raʾy (personal judgment) and qiyās (analogical reasoning), and those who did so were termed mujtahids. But with the crystallization of legal schools (madhhabs) under the ʿAbbāsids (reigned 750–1258), jurists of the majority Sunni branch of Islam came to
Read More…mainly in the form of raʾy (personal judgment) and qiyās (analogical reasoning), and those who did so were termed mujtahids. But with the crystallization of legal schools (madhhabs) under the ʿAbbāsids (reigned 750–1258), jurists of the majority Sunni branch of Islam came to
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IslamSources of Islamic doctrinal and social views…form of individual opinion (raʾy), there was a wealth of conflicting and chaotic opinions. In the 2nd century ah ijtihād was replaced by qiyās (reasoning by strict analogy), a formal procedure of deduction based on the texts of the Qurʾān and the Hadith. The transformation of ijmāʿ into a…
Read More…form of individual opinion (raʾy), there was a wealth of conflicting and chaotic opinions. In the 2nd century ah ijtihād was replaced by qiyās (reasoning by strict analogy), a formal procedure of deduction based on the texts of the Qurʾān and the Hadith. The transformation of ijmāʿ into a…
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- Ḥanafī school
…reliance on systematic reasoning (raʾy) in the absence of precedent. The school currently predominates in Central Asia, India, Pakistan, Turkey, and the countries of the former Ottoman Empire.
Read More…reliance on systematic reasoning (raʾy) in the absence of precedent. The school currently predominates in Central Asia, India, Pakistan, Turkey, and the countries of the former Ottoman Empire.
Read More - Ḥanbalī school
…of speculative legal reasoning (raʾy) and analogy (qiyās) and rejected their use to overrule hadiths or to contravene early precedent. Between the 11th and 13th centuries, Iraqi Ḥanbalīs experienced a period of intellectual efflorescence and social prominence, counting philosophers and caliphal viziers among their number. By contrast, the Levantine…
Read More…of speculative legal reasoning (raʾy) and analogy (qiyās) and rejected their use to overrule hadiths or to contravene early precedent. Between the 11th and 13th centuries, Iraqi Ḥanbalīs experienced a period of intellectual efflorescence and social prominence, counting philosophers and caliphal viziers among their number. By contrast, the Levantine…
Read More - Ẓāhirīyah
…(qiyas) and pure reason (raʾy) as sources of jurisprudence and looked askance at consensus (ijmāʾ). Theologically, the school formed the extreme rejection of anthropomorphism (tashbih), attributing to God only those essential elements and qualities set forth clearly in the Qurʾān.
Read More…(qiyas) and pure reason (raʾy) as sources of jurisprudence and looked askance at consensus (ijmāʾ). Theologically, the school formed the extreme rejection of anthropomorphism (tashbih), attributing to God only those essential elements and qualities set forth clearly in the Qurʾān.
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