rational choice institutionalism

Rational choice institutionalism is a theory in political science that views political institutions as sets of formal rules, informal norms, and shared understandings that shape how political actors interact. It posits that individuals adhere to these institutions to avoid sanctions and maximize rewards. This approach, emerging in the 1980s, is an intellectual stream within new institutionalism.1

Rational choice theorists assume that political actors pursue their interests rationally, often using mathematical models to explain political behavior, such as voting, coalition formation, and legislative decisions. They emphasize that institutions structure opportunities for politicians and influence their actions. However, critics argue that this theory can overlook cultural contexts and may only explain choices in retrospect.23