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"Pure experience" in philosophy refers to experience that is not altered by concepts or associations; it is immediate apprehension. This concept is central to radical empiricism, a theory advanced by William James. Radical empiricism posits that the relations between things are as real as the things themselves and that these relations are directly experienced.12

Philosophers like Edmund Husserl, a key figure in phenomenology, also explored the nature of experience. Husserl emphasized returning "to the things themselves" by describing phenomena as they are actually experienced, free from presuppositions. Richard Avenarius, a founder of empiriocriticism, also based his theory of knowledge on "pure experience," arguing against a distinction between inner and outer experience.34

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