property dualism

Property dualism is a philosophical stance within the philosophy of mind that addresses the mind-body problem. It posits that while mental and physical properties belong to the same entities (like human bodies), mental properties are fundamentally nonphysical. This means that even if two beings were physically identical, they could still possess different mental properties.1

Unlike substance dualism, which suggests mind and body are distinct substances, property dualism focuses on the distinct nature of mental properties themselves. It acknowledges that mental phenomena, such as consciousness and intentionality, cannot be fully explained by physical phenomena alone. This view contrasts with monism, which asserts that mental properties are entirely determined by physical properties.21