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A presidential primary is an election where voters indicate their preferences for a political party's presidential nominee. This process helps select delegates who will attend a national convention to formally choose the party's candidate.12

Primaries can be either direct or indirect. In a direct primary, voters directly choose their party's candidates. In an indirect primary, voters select delegates who then make the final decision at a nominating convention.2

Historically, caucuses were used for candidate selection, but primaries became more common in the early 20th century. Early success in states like Iowa and New Hampshire can significantly boost a candidate's campaign, while poor performance can lead to withdrawal. The rules for primaries, including whether they are open or closed to party affiliation, vary by state and political party.32

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