presidency of the United States of America

Images, Videos & Interactives

Washington delivering his inaugural address

Listen to Hubert Humphrey examine the power wielded by U.S. presidents Washington, Lincoln, and Kennedy

Diagram of the branches of the U.S. government showing the Constitution at the top, connected to the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, with executive departments listed below.

Rembrandt Peale: portrait of Thomas Jefferson

Listen to former vice president Hubert Humphrey examine the personalities of memorable U.S. presidents

Hear former vice president Hubert Humphrey discuss checks and balances on the president of the United States

The Secret Service code names for U.S. presidents

Map of the United States showing the results of the 2000 presidential election by state, with states won by George W. Bush (Republican) shaded in red and states won by Al Gore (Democratic) in blue. Each state is labeled with its electoral vote count. Bush secured 271 electoral votes, while Gore received 266, as indicated in the legend.

President George W. Bush stands with his arm on retired firefighter Bob Beck, using a bullhorn to address rescue workers amid debris at Ground Zero, World Trade Center, New York City.

presidency of the United States of America: Media

United States government

Videos

Listen to Hubert Humphrey examine the power wielded by U.S. presidents Washington, Lincoln, and Kennedy

Hubert Humphrey outlines some of the most dramatic ways in which American presidents...

Video: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Listen to former vice president Hubert Humphrey examine the personalities of memorable U.S. presidents

Hubert Humphrey discusses the personalities of some of the 20th century's most memorable...

Video: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Hear former vice president Hubert Humphrey discuss checks and balances on the president of the United States

See what Hubert Humphrey has to say about how Congress, the Judiciary, and even public...

Video: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

The Secret Service code names for U.S. presidents

Learn the code names given to various U.S. presidents by the Secret Service.

Video: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

What is the History of Presidents' Day?

Learn about the history of Presidents' Day, an American holiday that is popularly...

Video: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.; thumbnail: Universal Images Group/Image Quest

Study the powers granted to the head of the U.S. executive branch and how to avoid falling into a dictatorship

After losing the 1968 race, Hubert Humphrey shared his thoughts on whether American...

Video: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Images

Washington delivering his inaugural address

Washington Delivering His Inaugural Address April 1789, in the Old City Hall,...

Tompkins Harrison Matteson/Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (LC-DIG-pga-03486)

Rembrandt Peale: portrait of Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson, oil on linen by Rembrandt Peale, 1805; in the New-York Historical...

Photos.com/Thinkstock

United States: 2000 presidential election

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

George W. Bush at the World Trade Center

U.S. Pres. George W. Bush addressing a crowd as he stands on rubble at the World...

Eric Draper/The White House

Bill Clinton and Al Gore

Democratic presidential nominee Bill Clinton (right) and his running mate, Al Gore,...

Marcy Nighswaner—AP/Shutterstock.com

Dwight D. Eisenhower and Richard Nixon at the 1956 Republican convention

Dwight D. Eisenhower (left) and Richard M. Nixon after being renominated at the 1956...

Courtesy of the Dwight D. Eisenhower Library/U.S. Army

Barack Obama and Michelle Obama

Barack and Michelle Obama waving to the crowd gathered at the Lincoln Memorial during...

MCS 1C Mark O'Donald, U.S. Navy/U.S. Department of Defense

Senator Bernie Sanders gestures while speaking at a debate podium as former Vice President Joe Biden stands beside him with one hand raised, both on a brightly lit debate stage.

Bernie Sanders and Joe Biden debating in 2020

Bernie Sanders (left) speaking as Joe Biden raises his hand during a Democratic presidential...

Win McNamee/Getty Images

Donald Trump speaks at a podium, surrounded by supporters holding "Make America Great Again" and "Trump Pence" signs.

Donald Trump campaigning in 2016

Donald Trump at a rally in Akron, Ohio, August 2016.

Gilbert Stuart: portrait of George Washington

George Washington, oil painting by Gilbert Stuart, c. 1803; in the White House. The...

Scala/Art Resource, New York

Portrait painting by Gilbert Stuart of John Adams, shown seated and facing forward, wearing a dark coat and white cravat against a plain brown background.

U.S. Pres. John Adams

John Adams, oil on canvas by Gilbert Stuart, c. 1800–15; in the National Gallery...

Courtesy National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.; gift of Mrs. Robert Homans, 1954.7.1

Thomas Jefferson

U.S. Pres. Thomas Jefferson.

Portrait of President James Madison, painted by Asher B. Durand in 1833, showing Madison in formal attire with a white cravat against a dark background.

Asher B. Durand: portrait of James Madison

James Madison, oil painting by Asher B. Durand, 1833; in the collection of The New-York...

James Monroe

James Monroe, oil sketch by E.O. Sully, 1836, after a contemporary portrait by Thomas...

Courtesy of the Independence National Historical Park Collection, Philadelphia

John Quincy Adams

John Quincy Adams, painting by George Peter Alexander Healy, 1858.

Gianni Dagli Orti/Shutterstock.com

U.S. Pres. Andrew Jackson

Andrew Jackson, oil on canvas by Asher B. Durand, c. 1800; in the collection of the...

Bettmann/Getty Images

U.S. President Martin Van Buren

U.S. Pres. Martin Van Buren, oil on canvas by George Peter Alexander Healy, 1857;...

National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.; gift from the trustees of the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Museum Purchase, Gallery Fund (object no. NPG.2019.16)

William Henry Harrison

U.S. Pres. William Henry Harrison, oil on canvas by Albert Gallatin Hoit, 1840; in...

National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. (object no. NPG.67.5)

John Tyler

U.S. Pres. John Tyler, oil painting by Hart, c. 1841–45; in the Library of Virginia,...

The Library of Virginia

James K. Polk

U.S. Pres. James K. Polk, oil on canvas by George Peter Alexander Healy, 1846; in...

National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; gift from the trustees of the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Museum Purchase, Gallery Fund (object no. NPG.2019.14)

Zachary Taylor

U.S. Pres. Zachary Taylor, oil on canvas by John Vanderlyn, c. 1850–52; in the National...

National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.; gift from the Trustees of the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Museum Purchase, Gallery Fund (object no. NPG.2019.26)

American president Millard Fillmore

The 13th U.S. president was a member of the Whig Party.

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

Pierce, Franklin

Franklin Pierce.

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

Buchanan, James

James Buchanan, photograph by Mathew Brady.

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

Abraham Lincoln

U.S. Pres. Abraham Lincoln, photograph by Anthony Berger of the Mathew Brady Studio,...

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

Andrew Johnson

Andrew Johnson.

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

Ulysses S. Grant

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

Rutherford B. Hayes, 1877

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

James A. Garfield, 1880

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

Portrait of Chester A. Arthur with mutton chop sideburns, wearing a dark suit, white shirt, and patterned tie, shown from the chest up.

Abolitionist and president

As a lawyer in 1855, Chester A. Arthur, represented Lizzie Jennings, a Black woman,...

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Grover Cleveland

U.S. Pres. Grover Cleveland.

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

Benjamin Harrison

U.S. Pres. Benjamin Harrison, photograph by George Prince, 1888.

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

William McKinley

U.S. Pres. William McKinley, c. 1896.

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (reproduction no. LC-USZ62-96358)

Theodore Roosevelt

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

William Howard Taft

U.S. Pres. William Howard Taft, 1909.

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

Woodrow Wilson

U.S. Pres. Woodrow Wilson, undated photograph.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Warren G. Harding

U.S. Pres. Warren G. Harding.

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

Calvin Coolidge

Undated photograph of U.S. Pres. Calvin Coolidge.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Herbert Hoover, 1928

Library of Congress, Washington D.C. (neg. no. LC-USZ62-24155)

Franklin D. Roosevelt smiling and leaning on a surface, holding a cigarette in a holder, wearing a suit and glasses, photographed in 1937.

Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1937

UPI/Bettmann Archive

Harry S. Truman

The 33rd U.S. president, Harry S. Truman led the U.S. through the final stages of...

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (LC-USZ62-13033)

Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1952

U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower.

Fabian Bachrach

John F. Kennedy

U.S. Pres. John F. Kennedy.

Architect of the “Great Society”

Lyndon B. Johnson got passed some of the most consequential social legislation in...

White House Collection

Richard Nixon

U.S. Pres. Richard Nixon.

Gerald Ford

Gerald Ford was the only person to have served as U.S. vice president and U.S. president...

The Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library and Museum

Jimmy Carter

U.S. Pres. Jimmy Carter.

Courtesy: Jimmy Carter Library

Ronald Reagan

U.S. President Ronald Reagan.

Courtesy, The Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

President George H.W. Bush sits at the Oval Office desk holding papers, with family photos, a globe, and American flag visible behind him.

George Bush

U.S. Pres. George H.W. Bush.

Bill Clinton

U.S. Pres. Bill Clinton.

U.S. Department of Defense

George W. Bush

U.S. Pres. George W. Bush.

Eric Draper/White House Photo

Barack Obama

Illinois Sen. Barack Obama.

Courtesy of the Office of U.S. Senator Barack Obama

Donald Trump

Donald Trump, 2015.

Joe Biden

Official portrait of Vice Pres. Joe Biden, 2012.

David Lienemann—Official White House Photo

Donald Trump

U.S. Pres. Donald Trump posing for his official portrait at the White House on October...

White House photograph by Shealah Craighead/Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (reproduction no. LC-DIG-ppbd-00608)

The Seal of the President of the United States features a bald eagle with wings spread, holding an olive branch and arrows, surrounded by stars and a blue ring with the words Seal of the President of the United States.

United States presidential seal

The United States presidential seal is a widely recognized symbol of the presidency.

The White House

Thematic map of the eastern United States showing the results of the 1789 presidential election. States are shaded in orange, each labeled with the number of electoral votes. An inset table lists the candidates and their electoral vote totals, with George Washington receiving votes from all participating states. A note explains that before the 12th Amendment, electors cast votes for two candidates, with the highest vote-getter becoming president and the runner-up becoming vice president.

American presidential election, 1789

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Thematic map of the United States showing the results of the 1792 presidential election. States are shaded and labeled with the number of electoral votes received by George Washington, who won all 132 electoral votes, with other candidates' totals shown in a table below. The map is overlaid on a faded early American flag, and an explanatory note describes the pre-12th Amendment voting system.

American presidential election, 1792

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Thematic map and table showing the results of the 1796 United States presidential election. The map highlights eastern states, with states colored to indicate electoral votes for John Adams (Federalist, in blue) and Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican, in orange). An accompanying chart details the number of electoral votes each candidate received from each state, along with a note explaining that before the 12th Amendment, electors voted for two candidates, with the top vote-getter becoming

American presidential election, 1796

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Thematic map of the eastern United States showing the results of the 1800 presidential election, with states shaded in blue for Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican) and yellow for John Adams (Federalist). Electoral vote totals for each state are displayed, alongside a table listing the number of electoral votes each candidate received by state. An explanatory note describes the pre-12th Amendment process, where the top vote-getter became president and the runner-up became vice president.

American presidential election, 1800

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Map of the United States showing the results of the 1804 presidential election. States are color-coded: blue for Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican) with 162 electoral votes, and orange for Charles Pinckney (Federalist) with 14 electoral votes. Numbers indicate each state's electoral vote count, and Maryland is marked as splitting its votes. The background features a faded U.S. flag.

American presidential election, 1804

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the eastern United States showing the results of the 1808 presidential election by state. States are color-coded: blue for Madison (Democratic-Republican), yellow for Pinckney (Federalist), and orange for Clinton (Independent-Republican). Numbers within each state indicate the number of electoral votes awarded, with some states split between candidates. A faded American flag forms the background.

American presidential election, 1808

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A thematic map of the United States showing the 1812 presidential election results, with states shaded blue for Madison (Democratic-Republican) and purple for D. Clinton (Fusion), and electoral vote counts labeled in each state. A U.S. flag motif is faintly visible in the background.

American presidential election, 1812

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Map of the United States showing the results of the 1816 presidential election by state. States carried by James Monroe (Democratic-Republican) are shaded blue, while states won by Rufus King (Federalist) are shaded orange. Electoral vote counts are marked on each state, with Monroe winning the majority of states and electoral votes. A note indicates that one Delaware elector and three Maryland electors did not vote. An American flag is faintly displayed in the background.

American presidential election, 1816

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the results of the 1820 presidential election. States are shaded in blue to indicate electoral votes won by James Monroe (Democratic-Republican), with numbers representing each state's electoral votes. New Hampshire is marked to show a split vote, with one electoral vote for John Quincy Adams (Independent-Republican) highlighted in yellow. The map includes a background of the early American flag and a legend explaining the color coding.

American presidential election, 1820

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Thematic map of the United States showing the results of the 1824 presidential election, with states color-coded by the candidate who received their electoral votes: Jackson (light blue), Adams (pink), Crawford (brown), and Clay (green). Some states are striped to indicate split electoral votes. The map includes electoral vote counts for each state and a legend explaining the outcome and vote distribution. An American flag is faintly displayed in the background.

American presidential election, 1824

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the 1828 presidential election results by state, with states won by Andrew Jackson (Democratic) shaded in blue and states won by John Quincy Adams (National Republican) shaded in red. Electoral vote numbers are marked on each state, and a legend explains the color coding and electoral vote totals. The background features a faded American flag.

American presidential election, 1828

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the results of the 1832 presidential election by state, with states color-coded by winning candidate: blue for Jackson (Democratic), red for Clay (National Republican), brown for Floyd (Nullifiers), and tan for Wirt (Anti-Masonic). Electoral vote counts are displayed within each state, and a U.S. flag is faintly visible in the background.

American presidential election, 1832

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Thematic map of the United States showing the results of the 1836 presidential election by state, with each state shaded according to the winning candidate. Martin Van Buren (Democratic) states are in blue, while various shades of purple and pink represent states won by Whig candidates William Henry Harrison, Hugh Lawson White, Daniel Webster, and Anti-Jacksonian Willie Person Mangum. A legend at the bottom assigns colors to each candidate and lists their total electoral votes. State boundaries

American presidential election, 1836

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Thematic map of the United States showing the results of the 1840 presidential election. States are color-coded: most are shaded light blue for Harrison (Whig), who won 234 electoral votes, while a few states in darker blue represent Van Buren (Democratic), who received 60 electoral votes. Electoral vote numbers are indicated within each state. A faded American flag appears in the background.

American presidential election, 1840

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the results of the 1844 presidential election, with states colored blue for James K. Polk (Democratic, 170 electoral votes) and purple for Henry Clay (Whig, 105 electoral votes). Each state is labeled with its electoral vote count, and the map is overlaid on a faded American flag background.

American presidential election, 1844

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the results of the 1848 presidential election, with states colored to indicate whether they were won by Zachary Taylor (Whig, shown in blue) or Lewis Cass (Democratic, shown in purple). Each state is labeled with its number of electoral votes. A legend at the bottom shows Taylor with 163 electoral votes and Cass with 127. The western territories are shown in gray with no electoral votes. A faded American flag is in the background.

American presidential election, 1848

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the 1852 presidential election results by state. Nearly all states are shaded blue for Democratic candidate Franklin Pierce, who won 254 electoral votes, while Kentucky, Tennessee, Massachusetts, and Vermont are shaded purple for Whig candidate Winfield Scott, who received 42 electoral votes. State electoral vote counts are labeled on each state, and a faded U.S. flag forms the background.

American presidential election, 1852

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the results of the 1856 presidential election by state, with states colored blue for James Buchanan (Democratic), red for John Fremont (Republican), and green for Millard Fillmore (American). Electoral vote counts are labeled in each state, and a legend at the bottom indicates the color key for each candidate. An American flag is faintly visible in the background.

American presidential election, 1856

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the results of the 1860 presidential election by state, with states colored to indicate the winning candidate: red for Abraham Lincoln (Republican), dark blue for John C. Breckinridge (Southern Democratic), tan for John Bell (Constitutional Union), and light blue for Stephen A. Douglas (Democratic). Each state is labeled with its number of electoral votes, and New Jersey is marked as splitting its votes between Lincoln and Douglas. An American flag is faintly sho

American presidential election, 1860

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the 1864 presidential election results by state. States won by Abraham Lincoln (Republican) are shaded in red, states won by George McClellan (Democratic) are in blue, and Confederate states that did not vote are in gray. Electoral vote numbers for each state are displayed.

American presidential election, 1864

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the results of the 1868 presidential election by state. States won by Grant (Republican) are shaded in blue, states won by Seymour (Democratic) are shaded in red, and states not voting due to Reconstruction are shown in gray. Electoral vote counts for each state are displayed, with Grant receiving 214 electoral votes and Seymour 80.

American presidential election, 1868

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the results of the 1872 presidential election by state. States won by Grant (Republican) are shaded in red, while those won by Greeley (Democratic/Liberal Republican) are in blue. Each state is labeled with its number of electoral votes, and two states, Arkansas and Louisiana, have their electoral votes excluded due to Reconstruction-era issues. A faded American flag serves as the background.

American presidential election, 1872

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the results of the 1876 presidential election by state. States won by Hayes (Republican) are shaded in red, and states won by Tilden (Democratic) are shaded in blue. Each state displays its electoral vote count. Hayes won with 185 electoral votes, while Tilden received 184.

American presidential election, 1876

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the results of the 1880 presidential election by state. States won by Garfield (Republican) are shaded in red, while those won by Hancock (Democratic) are in blue. Electoral vote totals for each state are indicated by numbers, with Garfield receiving 214 electoral votes and Hancock 155. California is marked with stripes to show it split its electoral votes.

American presidential election, 1880

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the results of the 1884 presidential election by state. States won by Grover Cleveland (Democratic) are shaded in blue, and those won by James G. Blaine (Republican) are shaded in red. Electoral vote counts are marked on each state, with Cleveland receiving 219 electoral votes and Blaine receiving 182. A faded American flag forms the background.

American presidential election, 1884

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the results of the 1888 presidential election by state. States won by Republican candidate Benjamin Harrison are shaded in blue, and states won by Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland are shaded in red. Electoral vote counts are displayed within each state, with Harrison receiving 233 electoral votes and Cleveland 168.

American presidential election, 1888

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the results of the 1892 presidential election by state. States won by Grover Cleveland (Democratic) are shaded in blue, those won by Benjamin Harrison (Republican) in red, and those won by James Weaver (People's Party) in yellow. Several western states have striped patterns indicating split electoral votes. State boundaries and electoral vote numbers are marked, with a legend explaining the color coding and split results.

American presidential election, 1892

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the results of the 1896 presidential election, with states colored red for William McKinley (Republican) and blue for William Jennings Bryan (Democratic). Most western and southern states are blue for Bryan, while much of the Midwest and Northeast are red for McKinley. Electoral vote counts are labeled on each state, and two states, California and Kentucky, are noted for splitting their electoral votes. A faded American flag serves as the background.

American presidential election, 1896

Results of the American presidential election, 1896

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the results of the 1900 presidential election by state. States won by McKinley (Republican) are colored red, while states won by Bryan (Democratic) are colored blue. Electoral vote counts are marked on each state, with McKinley receiving 292 electoral votes and Bryan 155. An American flag is faintly visible in the background.

American presidential election, 1900

Results of the American presidential election, 1900

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the results of the 1904 presidential election by state. States won by Theodore Roosevelt (Republican) are shaded in red, covering most of the country, while states won by Alton B. Parker (Democratic) are shaded in blue, primarily in the South. Electoral vote counts are indicated for each state, and a note shows Maryland split its electoral votes.

American presidential election, 1904

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the 1908 United States presidential election results by state, with states colored red for Taft (Republican) and blue for Bryan (Democratic). The map shows Taft winning most northern and western states, while Bryan wins the South. Each state displays its electoral vote count, and a note indicates Maryland split its electoral votes. A legend at the bottom identifies the candidates and their total electoral votes.

American presidential election, 1908

Results of the American presidential election, 1908

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Thematic map of the United States showing the results of the 1912 presidential election by state. States won by Wilson (Democratic) are shaded blue, those won by Roosevelt (Progressive) are green, and those won by Taft (Republican) are red. Electoral vote counts are displayed within each state, with California split between Roosevelt and Wilson.

American presidential election, 1912

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the results of the 1916 presidential election by state, with states won by Woodrow Wilson (Democratic) shaded in blue and states won by Charles Evans Hughes (Republican) shaded in red. Electoral vote numbers are marked on each state, and a note indicates West Virginia split its electoral votes. Wilson received 277 electoral votes, while Hughes received 254.

American presidential election, 1916

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the 1920 presidential election results by state, with states won by Harding (Republican) shaded in red and those won by Cox (Democratic) in blue. Most states across the country are red, indicating a Republican victory, while Democratic states are concentrated in the South. Electoral vote counts are labeled within each state.

American presidential election, 1920

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the results of the 1924 presidential election by state. States won by Republican Calvin Coolidge are shaded red, Democratic John W. Davis states are blue, and Progressive Robert M. La Follette's sole victory in Wisconsin is green. Each state is labeled with its electoral vote count. A legend at the bottom indicates the color coding and total electoral votes for each candidate. An American flag is faintly visible in the background.

American presidential election, 1924

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the 1928 presidential election results by state. States won by Herbert Hoover (Republican) are shaded in red, covering most of the country, while states won by Al Smith (Democratic) are shaded in blue, concentrated in the South. Each state displays its number of electoral votes. Hoover received 444 electoral votes and Smith received 87.

American presidential election, 1928

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the 1932 presidential election results by state. States won by Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democratic) are shaded blue, covering nearly the entire country, while states won by Herbert Hoover (Republican) are shaded red in the Northeast. Electoral vote counts are labeled within each state. Roosevelt received 472 electoral votes, Hoover 59.

American presidential election, 1932

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States displaying the 1936 presidential election results by state, with states won by Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democratic) colored in blue and states won by Alf Landon (Republican) in red. Nearly all states are blue, except Maine and Vermont, which are red. Each state shows its electoral vote count, with Roosevelt receiving 523 electoral votes and Landon 8 electoral votes.

American presidential election, 1936

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the results of the 1940 presidential election by state. States won by Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democratic) are shaded in blue, while states won by Wendell Willkie (Republican) are shaded in red. Electoral vote totals are displayed within each state, with Roosevelt receiving 449 electoral votes and Willkie receiving 82.

American presidential election, 1940

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the results of the 1944 presidential election by state. States won by Roosevelt (Democratic) are shaded blue, while those won by Dewey (Republican) are shaded red. Electoral vote counts are displayed within each state, with most states colored blue, indicating a Democratic victory in the majority of the country.

American presidential election, 1944

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the results of the 1948 presidential election by state, with states colored blue for Truman (Democratic), red for Dewey (Republican), and brown for Thurmond (States' Rights), along with each state's electoral vote count. The background features a faded American flag.

American presidential election, 1948

Results of the American presidential election, 1948.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the 1952 presidential election results by state, with states won by Eisenhower (Republican) shaded in red and states won by Stevenson (Democratic) shaded in blue. Most states are red, indicating a Republican victory in the majority of the country, while a cluster of southern states is blue. Electoral vote numbers are displayed within each state.

American presidential election, 1952

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the results of the 1956 presidential election by state. States won by Eisenhower (Republican) are shaded in red, covering the majority of the country, while states won by Stevenson (Democratic) are shaded in blue, mainly in the South. Each state is labeled with its number of electoral votes. An electoral vote key is included, noting Eisenhower received 457 electoral votes and Stevenson 73.

American presidential election, 1956

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the 1960 presidential election results by state, with states colored blue for Kennedy (Democratic), red for Nixon (Republican), and orange for Byrd (not a candidate). Each state displays its electoral vote count, and a legend summarizes the total electoral votes for each candidate.

American presidential election, 1960

Results of the American presidential election, 1960. Sources: Electoral and popular...

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the 1964 presidential election results by state. States won by Lyndon B. Johnson (Democratic) are shaded in blue, covering the vast majority of the country, while states won by Barry Goldwater (Republican) are shaded in red, mainly in the Deep South and Arizona. Each state displays its electoral vote count. Johnson won 486 electoral votes; Goldwater won 52.

American presidential election, 1964

Results of the American presidential election, 1964. Sources: Electoral and popular...

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the 1968 presidential election results by state, with states colored red for Nixon (Republican), blue for Humphrey (Democratic), and green for Wallace (American Independent). Each state is labeled with its electoral vote count, and a legend indicates Nixon won 301 electoral votes, Humphrey 191, and Wallace 46.

American presidential election, 1968

Results of the American presidential election, 1968. Sources: Electoral and popular...

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the results of the 1972 presidential election by state. Nearly all states are shaded red for Richard Nixon (Republican), who won 520 electoral votes, while only Massachusetts and the District of Columbia are shaded blue for George McGovern (Democratic), who won 17 electoral votes. State boundaries and electoral vote counts are labeled on each state.

American presidential election, 1972

Results of the American presidential election, 1972. Sources: Electoral and popular...

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the results of the 1976 presidential election by state. States won by Democratic candidate Jimmy Carter are shaded in blue, while those won by Republican candidate Gerald Ford are in red. Each state is labeled with its number of electoral votes, with Carter winning 297 electoral votes and Ford 240. An American flag motif appears in the background.

American presidential election, 1976

Results of the American presidential election, 1976. Source: Office of the Clerk...

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the 1980 presidential election results by state. States won by Ronald Reagan (Republican) are shaded in red, covering the vast majority of the country, while states won by Jimmy Carter (Democratic) are shaded in blue, including Georgia, West Virginia, Maryland, Minnesota, Hawaii, and the District of Columbia. Each state is labeled with its electoral vote count. Reagan won 489 electoral votes and Carter won 49.

American presidential election, 1980

Results of the American presidential election, 1980. Sources: Electoral and popular...

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the 1984 presidential election results by state. Nearly all states are shaded red for Republican Ronald Reagan, indicating his victory across the country, while only Minnesota and the District of Columbia are shaded blue for Democrat Walter Mondale. Each state displays its electoral vote count, with Reagan winning 525 electoral votes and Mondale winning 13.

American presidential election, 1984

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of the United States showing the 2008 presidential election results by state, with states won by Barack Obama (Democratic) shaded in blue and those won by John McCain (Republican) in red. Electoral vote counts are marked on each state, and Nebraska is shown splitting its electoral votes. Obama won 365 electoral votes, while McCain won 173.

results of the American presidential election, 2008

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Interactives

U.S. presidential elections

Interactive map showing the results of U.S. presidential elections from 1789 to 2008.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc./Kenny Chmielewski

How the government works

Explore the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

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