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prana
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Quick Facts
Sanskrit:
“breath”
Also spelled:
prāṇa
Related Topics:
Indian philosophy
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prana

Indian philosophy
Also known as: prāṇa
Written and fact-checked by
Britannica Editors
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....
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History

prana, in Indian philosophy, the body’s vital “airs,” or energies. A central conception in early Hindu philosophy, particularly as expressed in the Upanishads, prana was held to be the principle of vitality and was thought to survive as a person’s “last breath” for eternity or until a future life.

Prana was at times identified with the self. The “five pranas” are windlike vital forces that assist breathing, distribution of food in the body, and digestion. Yoga philosophy emphasizes full control of the prana, through the practice of pranayama, to enable meditation without respiratory distraction and for its therapeutic effect on disorders.

This article was most recently revised and updated by Matt Stefon.