praefectus urbi

In ancient Rome, a praefectus urbi was a high-ranking official. Initially appointed by consuls to govern in their absence, this role temporarily diminished in importance after the 4th century BC when praetors took over this function. The office was revitalized by Emperor Augustus, who established a praefectus urbi responsible for maintaining law and order in Rome and within 100 miles of the city. This official eventually held full criminal jurisdiction and oversaw Rome's entire city government in the later empire. Augustus also created other prefect positions, including those for the praetorian guard, the fire brigade, and the grain supply. The praefectus urbi became a crucial administrative and judicial figure, especially in the late empire.12