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A plenipotentiary is a person, typically a diplomat, who has been granted full power to conduct business on behalf of a government. The term originates from Latin roots: plenus meaning "full" and potens meaning "powerful".1234

When a government appoints an ambassador or envoy plenipotentiary, they are sending an agent with complete authority to act for their country. This title, often seen as "Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary," signifies an agent with full powers to sign treaties, though they may not always be extraordinary or have such broad authority in practice. The concept of a plenipotentiary with "full powers" (plena potens) was revived from Roman civil law in the 12th century to allow envoys to negotiate and conclude agreements without needing to refer every detail back to their superiors.456

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