plenary indulgence

In Roman Catholicism, a plenary indulgence is a remission of the entire temporal punishment for sins that have already been forgiven through confession. This concept is rooted in the belief that after guilt is absolved, a temporal punishment remains for sin, which can be satisfied through good works or suffering in purgatory.12

Indulgences emerged in the 11th and 12th centuries, with early forms offered as incentives for participation in the Crusades. The Treasury of Merit, comprising the good works of Jesus Christ and the saints, was believed to be controlled by the pope and could be drawn upon to reduce these temporal punishments.1

While intended to aid salvation, the system of indulgences became susceptible to abuse, particularly through monetary contributions, which fueled the financing of various church projects. The sale of indulgences was a significant point of contention leading to the Protestant Reformation. The Catholic Church later reformed practices, condemning the sale of indulgences and modifying their application. The Urbi et Orbi blessing by the pope can also grant a plenary indulgence under specific conditions.134