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phoenix
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Oil painting by Cornelis Troost of a phoenix with outstretched wings rising from ashes, set against a dramatic sky, in an ornate frame. Ancient Egyptian papyrus illustration showing two blue Benu birds with long legs and crests, above a row of hieroglyphs from the Book of the Dead of Neferrenpet. Medieval illustration of a phoenix: on the left, the bird plucks plants; on the right, it lies in flames atop a platform, symbolizing rebirth. Latin text surrounds the image. Illuminated manuscript page showing a phoenix rising from flames atop a tree, with French text above and below the colorful illustration. Panoramic view of Phoenix, Arizona showing residential neighborhoods in the foreground, a cluster of downtown skyscrapers in the distance, and mountains on the horizon. Illuminated manuscript page from the Shahnama showing the mythical Simurgh aiding the wounded Rustam and his horse Rakhsh, with Persian script below the illustration. Fenghuang Garuda
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phoenix: References & Edit History

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

  • Charles Preston
    Charles Preston is Associate Editor for Religion at Encyclopædia Britannica.
  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Article revised and expanded. Jul 24, 2026
Modified link of Web site: Mythopedia - Phoenix. Oct 03, 2025
Add new Web site: Academia - The Flight of the Phoenix to Paradise in Ancient Literature and Iconography (PDF). Jul 12, 2025
Add new Web site: Academia - The Phoenix of Nima and Darley: The Poet-bird�s Yearning for a Resurrection of Poetry (PDF). Feb 12, 2025
Add new Web site: Swarthmore College - The Phoenix Through the Ages. Oct 10, 2023
Add new Web site: McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia - Phoenix. Jun 19, 2023
Add new Web site: Mythology.net - Phoenix. Oct 20, 2022
Add new Web site: Mythopedia - Phoenix. Jul 25, 2022
Add new Web site: Greek Gods and Goddesses - The Phoenix � Mysterious mythological creature. Jul 25, 2022
Add new Web site: Livius - Phoenix. Aug 30, 2018
Add new Web site: Ancient Origins - Symbolism of the Mythical Phoenix Bird: Renewal, Rebirth and Destruction. May 03, 2018
Add new Web site: Buzzle.com - Phoenix Bird. Jan 19, 2014
Add new Web site: Encyclopedia Mythica - Phoenix. Dec 10, 2010
Add new Web site: Theoi - Phoenix. Dec 10, 2010
Image added. Jul 02, 2010
Media added. Apr 06, 2009
Added new Web site: Lebanese Global Information Center - Phoenicians and Phoenix legend. Apr 18, 2008
Added new Web site: Pheonix Online - Mythical Phoenix Bird. Apr 18, 2008
Article added to new online database. Jul 20, 1998
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