particular average

In maritime law, "particular average" refers to a partial loss or damage to a ship or its cargo caused by the perils of the sea. This loss is borne solely by the owner of the damaged property, unless they have insurance coverage for that specific risk. This is distinct from "general average," where a loss is shared proportionally by all parties involved in a maritime venture if property was voluntarily sacrificed to save the rest. The concept of general average has ancient roots in Roman law and is recognized internationally, though its administration can be costly.123