output

…resulting from an increase in output—first declines as production expands but ultimately begins to rise. Econometric studies, however, indicate that marginal cost tends to remain more or less constant.

…necessary to obtain an “output.” However, not all the “inputs” that must be applied are to be regarded as factors in the economic sense. Some of these inputs in a normal situation are “free.” Although atmospheric air, for example, or a substitute for it, must be at hand to…

…various methods of measuring the output and input components of productivity ratios and some of the difficulties and limitations of the resulting estimates.