offensive realism

political science

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July 20, 2026

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Offensive realism is a theory in political science that explains state behavior in an anarchic international system. Unlike defensive realism, which suggests states primarily seek security, offensive realism posits that states aim to maximize their power and influence. This drive for power stems from the inherent uncertainty and competition in a world without a central authority to enforce rules or ensure safety.

Key tenets of offensive realism include:
* Anarchy: The international system lacks a higher authority above states.
* Power Maximization: States continuously seek to increase their relative power.
* Survival: While survival is the ultimate goal, states achieve it by becoming the most powerful actors.

Offensive realists believe that this pursuit of power can lead to conflict, as states may act aggressively to gain an advantage over potential rivals.12

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John J. Mearsheimer
…view, which he called “offensive realism,” holds that the need for security, and ultimately for survival, makes states aggressive power maximizers. States do not cooperate, except during temporary alliances, but constantly seek to diminish their competitors’ power and to enhance their own.
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…view, which he called “offensive realism,” holds that the need for security, and ultimately for survival, makes states aggressive power maximizers. States do not cooperate, except during temporary alliances, but constantly seek to diminish their competitors’ power and to enhance their own.
Read More