necessity

The term "necessary" can describe something that is required, unavoidable, or impossible to do without. In a legal context, "necessity" can be a defense in criminal law, where an individual commits a crime due to overwhelming pressure from natural forces and must choose between evils. This doctrine suggests that certain actions, though otherwise criminal, may be excused if they were the only way to prevent a greater harm.12

In military operations, "military necessity" refers to actions deemed essential for achieving victory, excluding those forbidden by the laws of war. This concept is controversial, as it can be used to justify actions that override ethical restraints, though some argue it can also act as a restraint by limiting transgressions to truly indispensable acts.34