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Mulch is a protective covering applied to the ground's surface in horticulture and agriculture. Its primary functions include reducing water evaporation from the soil, maintaining stable soil temperatures, preventing erosion, and controlling weed growth. Mulch can also enrich the soil and keep fruits clean.1

Various materials can be used as mulch, such as sawdust, compost, straw, or plastic sheeting. In horticulture, techniques like hot caps, cloches, and plastic tunnels are also employed for temperature control, alongside mulching. Mulching is particularly important for protecting sensitive plants during winter. In agricultural contexts, mulch tillage involves leaving crop residues on the surface to help manage soil conditions, especially in dry areas where conserving moisture is crucial.1234

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