mother

The nutritional status of the mother is important throughout this period. The mother’s daily caloric intake must increase significantly in order to replenish the mother’s nutrient and energy stores. The use of drugs or smoking by the mother can adversely affect the infant; many drugs are secreted in breast milk,…

…historically were women who were mothers themselves and who became midwives when they attended the births of neighbours or family members. Though without formal training, some midwives had extensive knowledge of herbal remedies and performed medical services beyond attending childbirths. Midwifery was an important occupation for married, older, or widowed…

…roles of the father and mother. These relationships to some extent are determined by the structure of the society and its economy. The mother image is closely bound up with Earth symbolism, vegetation, agriculture, fertility, the reappearance of life, and the lunar cycle. The father image usually is associated with…