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Moral realism is the philosophical view that statements about morality are objectively true or false, much like statements about history or geography. This means that moral claims are not simply expressions of personal feelings or preferences, but rather correspond to actual facts about morality.1

Moral realists face challenges in explaining the existence of distinct moral facts and how humans can access this realm of moral knowledge. Conversely, antirealists argue that moral properties cannot be reduced to natural ones and question the existence of objective moral facts altogether. Some antirealist positions include emotivism, which suggests moral statements express feelings, and projectivism, where individuals project their attitudes onto the world.12

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