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Miaphysitism, often referred to as monophysitism, is a Christological doctrine within Christianity that asserts Jesus Christ possesses a single, unified nature. This single nature is understood as a synthesis of both divine and human elements, rather than two distinct natures (divine and human) as defined by the Council of Chalcedon in 451 CE.1

The Council of Chalcedon defined Christ as being "acknowledged in two natures, without being mixed, transmuted, divided, or separated". This formulation aimed to counter both Nestorianism, which suggested Christ's natures were too separate, and the views of Eutyches, who was seen as overemphasizing Christ's divinity at the expense of his humanity.1

Churches that rejected the Chalcedonian definition, particularly those in the Oriental Orthodox communion, prefer the term miaphysite to describe their belief in a single, unified nature of Christ. These churches, including the Armenian Apostolic Church and the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, have since resolved most Christological disputes with other major Christian traditions.1

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