luck egalitarianism

Luck egalitarianism is a political theory that argues inequalities are just if they result from voluntary choices, but unjust if they stem from circumstances beyond an individual's control. This means people should benefit from their good choices and bear the costs of their bad ones, as circumstances are a matter of "brute luck" while choices involve "option luck".1

This theory aims to neutralize the impact of differing natural and social circumstances, allowing personal responsibility to influence life outcomes. Critics question the clear distinction between choice and circumstance and argue that uncompromising luck egalitarianism can be too harsh, potentially denying necessary support to those whose needs arise from imprudent behavior.1