logical proposition

In logic, a proposition is a statement that can be either true or false, known as its truth-value. Propositions can be categorized in several ways.

Analytic vs. Synthetic Propositions:
* Analytic propositions are true by definition and only clarify existing meanings. Their truth is guaranteed by the principle of contradiction, such as "All husbands are married".12
* Synthetic propositions include information from non-logical sources and are therefore contingent, like "All bodies are heavy".1

Logical vs. Factual Propositions:
* Logical propositions can be reduced to logical truths, meaning their truth depends on the meanings of the terms they contain, independent of specific facts. An example is "If p and q, then p".23
* Factual propositions cannot be reduced to logical truths and are generally known through experience (a posteriori).2

Simple Propositions:
A simple proposition is a statement that cannot be broken down into separate statements, also referred to as a categorical proposition or an atomic proposition. These contrast with compound propositions, where the truth-value of the whole depends on the truth-values of its parts, often analyzed using truth tables.45