local self-government

Local self-government refers to the authority granted to local entities to manage their own affairs within a defined area, distinct from the central government. While all countries have some form of local government, the term "local self-government" specifically emphasizes the freedom of a locality to make its own decisions and take action. This concept is closely related to decentralization, where power is devolved to locally elected councils who act with discretion and appoint their own officials. In contrast, deconcentration involves delegating functions to local administrators who remain accountable to the central government.1

The organization of local government varies, with systems like the town meeting, commission, council-mayor, and city manager prevalent in the U.S.. Historically, local units emerged as self-governing entities but were gradually integrated and subordinated to state authority. Modern local government often represents a blend of central convenience and local autonomy, reflecting a complex mix of compulsory powers under central control and independent decision-making.21