licensing

…holder wants to obtain a license to practice. The regulations of the provincial licensing boards vary but usually require an examination for licensing.

Legislative approaches to health care licensing have been divided into three general categories by Swiss legal scholar Jan Stepan: (1) exclusive or monopolistic systems, in which only the practice of modern, scientific medicine by professionals is lawful, (2) tolerant systems, in which only scientific medicine is officially sanctioned, although traditional…

…credentials of applicants who want licenses earned in other states to be accepted in lieu of examination. The National Board of Medical Examiners holds examinations leading to a degree that is acceptable to most state boards. National laws regulating professional practice cannot be enacted in the United States. In Canada…

Given the critical importance of standardized and safe nursing care, all countries have established mechanisms for ensuring minimal qualifications for entry into practice and continuing nursing education. Those countries with centralized health systems, such as many European and South American countries, enact national systems…

To practice pharmacy in those countries in which a license is required, an applicant must be qualified by graduation from a recognized college of pharmacy, meet specific requirements for experience, and pass an examination conducted by a board of pharmacy appointed by…

… operators through a series of licensing procedures, sanctions for inappropriate operating practices, and requirements for continuing training to retain certification to operate. Examples include federal aviation authorities that oversee pilot training (e.g., the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration); road agencies that administer driver’s licenses may exist at the provincial level (as…