lethal injection: References & Edit History

Additional Reading

Bibliography

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

  • Deborah W. Denno
  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Updated for the botched execution of Christa Pike. Oct 01, 2026
Modified link of Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Lethal injection: a stain on the face of medicine. Jun 20, 2026
Add new Web site: Pressbooks at Virginia Tech - The Philosophy, Politics, and Economics Review - Pharmaceutical Firms Against Lethal Injection and the Ramifications. Feb 14, 2026
Add new Web site: CORE - Peer-Reviewed Studies Identifying Problems in the Design and Implementation of Lethal Injection for Execution (PDF). Sep 19, 2025
Add new Web site: Digital Commons at UM Carey Law - Lethal Injection Secrecy Laws: A Cruel and Unusual Solution for the Preservation of Capital Punishment (PDF). Jul 26, 2025
Link added. Feb 19, 2025
Link added. Feb 19, 2025
Add new Web site: Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History - Anomalies: Ritual and Language in Lethal Injection Regulations (PDF). Jan 15, 2025
Add new Web site: CiteSeerX - Medical Ethics, Cultural Values, and Physician Participation in Lethal Injection (PDF). Dec 06, 2024
Add new Web site: BBC - Life and Death Row: How the lethal injection kills. Sep 18, 2024
Add new Web site: San Jos� State University ScholarWorks - The Problematic Nature of Execution by Lethal Injection in the United States and People�s Republic of China. Aug 02, 2024
Add new Web site: FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History - Peer-Reviewed Studies Identifying Problems in the Design and Implementation of Lethal Injection for Execution (PDF) - Peer-Reviewed Studies Identifying Problems in the Desig... May 09, 2024
Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Lethal injection: a stain on the face of medicine. Sep 22, 2022
Article revised and updated. May 23, 2012
Added new Web site: How Stuff Works - People - How Lethal Injection Works. Dec 23, 2008
Article revised and updated. Apr 17, 2008
New article added. Dec 08, 2006
View Changes:
Article History
Revised:
By: