lay magistrates

In English law, lay magistrates, also known as justices of the peace, are typically unpaid individuals who administer justice in minor criminal cases. These lay judges, who often have undergone basic legal training, preside over magistrates' courts and handle a significant majority of criminal cases, with more serious matters being sent to higher courts like the Crown Court.12

In England and Wales, lay magistrates are appointed and serve until retirement, often working in panels. They are advised on points of law by a clerk to the justices. While professional judges handle more serious crimes, lay magistrates are crucial to the functioning of the lower courts, ensuring access to justice for a wide range of offenses.132