kharjah

…of the muwashshaḥ was the markaz, or theme stanza, popularly called the kharjah and transcribed in Spanish as jarcha. These jarchas provide evidence of a popular poetry begun perhaps as early as the 10th century, and they are related to traditional Spanish lyric types (e.g., the villancico, “carol”) of the…

The Mozarabic kharjahs are the next oldest surviving texts, but by the middle of the 12th century, the famous epic poem Cantar de mío Cid (“Song of My Cid”) had appeared in a language that is basically Castilian. Literary works in Leonese appear until the 14th century…

…primarily from Mozarabic refrains (called kharjahs) added to Arabic and Hebrew poems.