karma: References & Edit History
More Articles On This Topic
Additional Reading
The most comprehensive exploration of the notion of karma in classical India is Wendy Doniger O’Flaherty (ed.), Karma and Rebirth in Classical Indian Traditions (1980). Herman W. Tull, The Vedic Origins of Karma: Cosmos as Man in Ancient Indian Myth and Ritual (1989), is a study of the early meanings of karma and its relation to Vedic ritual. Charles F. Keyes and E. Valentine Daniel, Karma: An Anthropological Inquiry (1983), investigates the role of karma in contemporary communities. The place of karma within doctrinal Buddhism is explored in Melford E. Spiro, Buddhism and Society: A Great Tradition and Its Burmese Vicissitudes (1970), a case study of Buddhism in mid-20th-century Burma. A bold study of the rebirth phenomenon not only within Indian traditions but cross-culturally is Gananath Obeyesekere, Imagining Karma: Ethical Transformation in Amerindian, Buddhist, and Greek Rebirth (2002).
Article Contributors
Primary Contributors
Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors
Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modified link of Web site: Buddhanet - The Theory of Karma. | Oct 16, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: The Theosophical Society in America - KARMA: The Law of Order and Opportunity (PDF). | Feb 14, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Variability and Belief in Karma: Perceived Life Variability Polarizes Perceptions of BehaviorOutcome Valence Consistency. | Nov 01, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: DigitalCommons at Kennesaw State University - Are There Ethical Implications of Karma? (PDF). | Sep 05, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: CORE - Eternal Law: The Underpinnings of Dharma and Karma in the Justice System (PDF). | Jul 26, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Open Academic Journals Index - International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Studies - The Law of Karma and Salvation (PDF). | Jun 07, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Stanford University - Office for Religious and Spiritual Life - Karma. | Mar 28, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Harvard University - The Pluralism Project - Karma: The Way of Action. | Jan 17, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Academia - Karma. | Feb 23, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: Seoul National University Library - Theory of Karma and its kinds - Jainism. | Dec 29, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Buddhanet - The Theory of Karma. | May 18, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: WebMD - What Is Karma? | Apr 05, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Healthline - What Are the 12 Laws of Karma? | Jan 16, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Humanities LibreTexts - Karma. | Nov 18, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: World History Encyclopedia - Karma. | Sep 02, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: IndiaNetzone - Karma. | Jul 13, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: British Broadcasting Corporation - Karma. | Jul 13, 2012 | ||
| Article thoroughly revised and updated. | Aug 12, 2009 | ||
| Added new Web site: Religions Of India - Karma and Liberation. | Nov 14, 2007 | ||
| Added new Web site: Fact Monster - Society - karma. | Jan 19, 2007 | ||
| Article added to new online database. | Jul 20, 1998 |