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In Islam, karāmāt refers to miracles or extraordinary gifts bestowed by Allah upon his saints (awliyāʾ) as a mark of distinction. These are distinct from muʿjizāt, which are miracles performed by prophets to prove their divine mission.12

Sufism, or Islamic mysticism, is a spiritual path focused on direct, personal experience of God. Sufis strive for tawḄīd (unity of God) through practices like repentance, asceticism, constant remembrance of God (dhikr), and struggle against the lower self. The ultimate goal is fanāʾ (annihilation of the self) and baqāʾ (subsistence in God). While orthodox Islam emphasizes adherence to law and tradition, Sufism values intuitive knowledge and direct experience (dhawq). Popular Islam, particularly influenced by Sufism, often involves veneration of saints and their tombs, and belief in miracles.23415

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