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kaivalya, in the Samkhya school of Hinduism, a state of liberation (moksha: literally, “release”) that the consciousness of an individual (purusha: “self” or “soul”) achieves by realizing that it is separate from matter (prakriti). The Samkhya school posits a dualistic cosmology. Both prakriti and purusha are eternal and of distinct natures. While prakriti is always changing, purusha is constant. They may, however, commingle, causing the purusha to become captivated by the material world. When this...