ḥoshen

The term "hoshen" refers to the breastplate worn by the high priest of ancient Israel, as described in the Old Testament. This square-shaped vestment likely served as a pouch for the divinatory objects known as the Urim and Thummim. The hoshen was intricately woven with blue, purple, and scarlet threads, along with gold and linen. It was adorned with twelve precious stones, arranged in four rows, each stone symbolizing one of the twelve tribes of Israel. The hoshen was worn over the ephod, another priestly garment, and was attached to the shoulders. The high priest wore this elaborate attire when officiating, except on Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, when he donned simple white linen garments.12