history of Turkey

References

Images & Videos

Infographic summarizing the Gallipoli Campaign of World War I, showing a timeline of key events from 1914 to 1916, a map of the Gallipoli Peninsula with allied landings and Turkish defenses, and a locator map of the region in Turkey.

archaeological sites of Anatolia and northern Syria

Anatolia and northern Syria

This map shows the territorial expansion of the Ottoman Empire from 1300 to its greatest extent in 1683-99, highlighting different periods under rulers such as Mehmed II, Selim I, and Süleyman the Magnificent, and marking key cities, seas, and geographical boundaries in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.

Map showing the gradual dissolution of the Ottoman Empire from 1807 to 1924, with shaded regions indicating the empire's boundaries in 1807 and successive territorial losses through 1924. The map covers southeastern Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East, labeling modern countries and major cities, and highlights the shrinking territory that became Turkey by 1924.

World map highlighting NATO member countries in dark blue, Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council countries in light blue, NATO's Mediterranean Dialogue partners in purple, Istanbul Cooperation Initiative partners in pink, and global partners in teal. Brussels, Belgium, is marked as NATO headquarters. A timeline below the map shows the years each member joined NATO from 1949 to 2024.

Map showing the Ottoman Empire at its greatest extent, with the empire highlighted in orange stretching across southeastern Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East, including Anatolia, Egypt, the Balkans, and parts of the Arabian Peninsula. Lighter orange areas indicate tributary and vassal states surrounding the core territory. Major cities such as Constantinople, Cairo, Baghdad, and Mecca are labeled, along with surrounding bodies of water like the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, and Red Sea.

Historical map showing the Rum Seljuq Sultanate in Anatolia around 1100, with shaded regions indicating territory at that time and later conquests or annexations from neighboring states up to 1240. Key cities, battle sites with years, and the boundary of the sultanate in 1243 are marked. An inset map at upper right displays the broader Seljuq Empire and its protectorates around 1080, highlighting the Sultanate of Rum within the larger context of the Middle East and Central Asia.

Know about the disastrous Gallipoli Campaign and the role of ANZAC troops in the battles of World War I

Listen to a Turkish perspective on the Gallipoli Campaign, known to Turkish people as the Battle of Çanakkale, 1915–16

history of Turkey: Media

Videos

Know about the disastrous Gallipoli Campaign and the role of ANZAC troops in the battles of World War I

Know about the disastrous Gallipoli Campaign and the role of ANZAC troops in the battles of World War I

An overview of the 1915–16 Gallipoli Campaign of World War I, with a focus on ANZAC...

Video: © Behind the News (A Britannica Publishing Partner)

Listen to a Turkish perspective on the Gallipoli Campaign, known to Turkish people as the Battle of Çanakkale, 1915–16

Listen to a Turkish perspective on the Gallipoli Campaign, known to Turkish people as the Battle of Çanakkale, 1915–16

A Turkish perspective on the Gallipoli Campaign (1915–16), widely known among Turks...

Video: © Behind the News (A Britannica Publishing Partner)

Images

Infographic summarizing the Gallipoli Campaign of World War I, showing a timeline of key events from 1914 to 1916, a map of the Gallipoli Peninsula with allied landings and Turkish defenses, and a locator map of the region in Turkey.

Gallipoli Campaign

A collection of significant facts about the Gallipoli Campaign.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc./Kenny Chmielewski

archaeological sites of Anatolia and northern Syria

archaeological sites of Anatolia and northern Syria

Principal archaeological sites of Anatolia and northern Syria to c. 1340...

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Anatolia and northern Syria

Anatolia and northern Syria

Anatolia and northern Syria, c. 1180 bc...

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

This map shows the territorial expansion of the Ottoman Empire from 1300 to its greatest extent in 1683-99, highlighting different periods under rulers such as Mehmed II, Selim I, and Süleyman the Magnificent, and marking key cities, seas, and geographical boundaries in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.

The expansion of the Ottoman Empire

Map showing the expansion of the Ottoman Empire from about 1300 to 1700. The empire...

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map showing the gradual dissolution of the Ottoman Empire from 1807 to 1924, with shaded regions indicating the empire's boundaries in 1807 and successive territorial losses through 1924. The map covers southeastern Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East, labeling modern countries and major cities, and highlights the shrinking territory that became Turkey by 1924.

The dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, 1807–1924

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

World map highlighting NATO member countries in dark blue, Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council countries in light blue, NATO's Mediterranean Dialogue partners in purple, Istanbul Cooperation Initiative partners in pink, and global partners in teal. Brussels, Belgium, is marked as NATO headquarters. A timeline below the map shows the years each member joined NATO from 1949 to 2024.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization: members and partners

Map and timeline of the member countries and partner countries of the North Atlantic...

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc./Kenny Chmielewski

Map showing the Ottoman Empire at its greatest extent, with the empire highlighted in orange stretching across southeastern Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East, including Anatolia, Egypt, the Balkans, and parts of the Arabian Peninsula. Lighter orange areas indicate tributary and vassal states surrounding the core territory. Major cities such as Constantinople, Cairo, Baghdad, and Mecca are labeled, along with surrounding bodies of water like the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, and Red Sea.

The Ottoman Empire at its greatest extent

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Historical map showing the Rum Seljuq Sultanate in Anatolia around 1100, with shaded regions indicating territory at that time and later conquests or annexations from neighboring states up to 1240. Key cities, battle sites with years, and the boundary of the sultanate in 1243 are marked. An inset map at upper right displays the broader Seljuq Empire and its protectorates around 1080, highlighting the Sultanate of Rum within the larger context of the Middle East and Central Asia.

Rūm Seljuq sultanate

Rūm Seljuq sultanate c. 1100–1243 and (inset) Seljuq empire c. 1080.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.