Encyclopedia Britannica
Encyclopedia Britannica
SUBSCRIBE
SUBSCRIBE
SUBSCRIBE TO PREMIUM
  • Home
  • Biographies
  • Animals & Nature
  • History & Society
  • Science & Tech
  • Geography & Travel
  • Arts & Culture
  • ProCon
  • Money
  • Games & Quizzes
  • Videos
  • Today in History
  • Dictionary
  • New Articles
Biographies
  • Browse Biographies
Animals & Nature
  • Birds, Reptiles & Other Vertebrates
  • Environment
  • Fossils & Geologic Time
  • Insects & Other Invertebrates
  • Mammals
  • Plants
History & Society
  • History
  • Philosophy & Religion
  • Politics, Law & Government
  • Society & Social Issues
Science & Tech
  • Health & Medicine
  • Science
  • Technology
Geography & Travel
  • Geography & Travel
Arts & Culture
  • Entertainment & Pop Culture
  • Literature
  • Sports & Recreation
  • Visual Arts
  • Image Galleries
  • Podcasts
  • Summaries
  • Top Questions
  • Lists and Stories
  • Britannica Kids
Ask the Chatbot Games & Quizzes History & Society Science & Tech Biographies Animals & Nature Geography & Travel Arts & Culture ProCon Money Videos
history of Lithuania
  • Introduction
  • Early history
  • Union with Poland
  • Russian rule
  • Independence
  • Foreign relations
  • Domestic policies
  • Independence lost
  • Soviet republic
  • Independence restored
References & Edit History Related Topics
Images
Lithuania Map of northern and eastern Europe highlighting Lithuania in orange, with surrounding countries labeled, including Latvia, Belarus, Poland, and Russia. The capital city, Vilnius, is marked, and major bodies of water such as the Baltic Sea and North Sea are shown. Map of Europe highlighting the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1396, shaded in orange. The duchy spans parts of present-day Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, and western Russia, with labeled cities including Vilnius, Smolensk, Kyiv, and Bratslav. Surrounding regions and bodies of water such as the Baltic Sea and Black Sea are also shown, with modern international boundaries indicated for reference. Map showing Poland's territory in 1634 under the reign of Wladyslaw IV Vasa, shaded in pink and spanning from the Baltic Sea in the north to near Kyiv in the southeast. Major present-day cities such as Warsaw, Krakow, Gdansk, Vilnius, Minsk, Lwow (Lviv), Pinsk, and Kyiv are marked within the territory, with surrounding cities like Moscow, Riga, Vienna, and Budapest shown for reference. World map highlighting NATO member countries in dark blue, Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council countries in light blue, NATO's Mediterranean Dialogue partners in purple, Istanbul Cooperation Initiative partners in pink, and global partners in teal. Brussels, Belgium, is marked as NATO headquarters. A timeline below the map shows the years each member joined NATO from 1949 to 2024.

history of Lithuania: References & Edit History

More Articles On This Topic

  • Lithuania
    / History of Lithuania
  • Baltic Entente
  • Baltic War of Liberation
  • Commonwealth of Independent States
  • history of Europe
    / Turkey and eastern Europe
  • Eastern Orthodoxy
    / Attempts at ecclesiastical union and theological renaissance
  • Eastern Orthodoxy
    / Relations with the Western church
  • Kaunas
  • Memel dispute
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organization
  • Poland
    / The January 1863 uprising and its aftermath
  • Casimir IV
  • Vilnius dispute
  • World War I
    / The Russian revolutions and the Eastern Front, March 1917–March 1918
  • World War II
    / The campaign in Poland, 1939
  • German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

  • Romuald J. Misiunas
  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors

  • Michael Ray

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
New article added.
  • Michael Ray
Nov 21, 2025
View Changes:
Article History
Revised:
By:
Stay Connected
Facebook X YouTube Instagram

  • About Us & Legal Info
  • Advertising
  • Contact Us
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms of Use
  • Equal Opportunity
  • Do Not Sell My Info
©2026 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.