history of Jordan

Jordan occupies an area rich in archaeological remains and religious traditions. The Jordanian desert was home to hunters from the Lower Paleolithic Period; their flint tools have been found widely distributed throughout the region. In the southeastern part of the country, at Mount…

…to the Hāshimite Kingdom of Jordan.

…in a brief but bloody civil war in September 1970 that became known as “Black September.” On September 6–9 the PFLP hijacked to a Jordanian airstrip three airliners (American, Swiss, and British) with a total of more than 300 people aboard. The hijackers threatened to destroy the aircraft, with the…

…Black September [Aylūl Aswad]) in Jordan, the Jordanian army forced the PLO and Fatah fighters out of Jordan and into Lebanon, and in July 1971 Jordanian authorities killed a respected Fatah leader, Abu Ali Iyad. Later that year an extremist militant corps of Fatah emerged, calling itself Black September in…

From his camp in the Jordan Valley, Moses climbed to a vantage point on Mt. Pisgah. There he viewed the land of promise. The Hebrews never saw him again, and the circumstances of his death and burial remain shrouded in mystery. Tradition claimed that Yahweh buried him in the valley…

…termination of the mandate in Trans-Jordan, the evacuation of all of Egypt except the Suez Canal territory, and in 1948 the withdrawal from Palestine, which coincided with the proclamation of the State of Israel. It has been argued that the orderly and dignified ending of the British Empire, beginning in…

…(later the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan) took control of the Old City and most of East Jerusalem. Residential segregation on the basis of ethnicity became almost total, as Arabs fled from west Jerusalem and Jews from the Jewish quarter of the Old City. Political and legal disputes over the ownership…

In 2025 Jordan, where the government faced a surge in opposition over its reserved response to Israel-Hamas War, banned the organization after alleging that 16 of the Brotherhood’s members tried to import explosives and other arms. The effect on the Brotherhood-associated Islamic Action Front, Jordan’s main opposition…

…the regular armies of Syria, Transjordan, Iraq, and Egypt crossed the frontiers of Palestine.

…as part of a joint Jordanian-Palestinian delegation) at Madrid in October 1991, sponsored by the United States and the Soviet Union (after December 1991, Russia); the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December; and the replacement, in the Israeli general elections of June 1992, of Shamir and the Likud-bloc government…

>Jordan had increased, leading to costly Israeli reprisals. In November 1966 an Israeli strike on the village of Al-Samūʿ in the Jordanian West Bank left 18 dead and 54 wounded, and, during an air battle with Syria in April 1967, the Israeli Air Force shot…

…Sharon adopted the slogan “Jordan is Palestine,” endorsing the idea that Jordan—though shorn from the West Bank—might, with its majority Palestinian population, adequately meet Palestinian demands for self-determination. In the 1978 cabinet vote on a proposed peace treaty with Egypt, Sharon registered one of two dissenting votes, but in…