history of Finland

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Map of Finland showing its national boundaries with Norway, Sweden, and Russia, as well as major cities such as Helsinki, Tampere, Turku, Oulu, and Rovaniemi. The map also features surrounding bodies of water, including the Baltic Sea, and includes a small locator map highlighting Finland's position in northern Europe.

Map showing Viking travels, trading, and raiding routes from the 9th to 11th centuries across Europe, the North Atlantic, and into North America. Viking homelands in Scandinavia are shaded, with routes extending to Iceland, Greenland, the British Isles, France, Eastern Europe, and L'Anse aux Meadows in present-day Canada. Key settlements and areas of initial Viking presence are marked. An inset map in the lower left shows the 1000-year anniversary reenactment route of Leif Eriksson's voyage from

Gustav Adolphus

Sveaborg (Suomenlinna) fortress

Carl Gustaf Mannerheim

Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg

history of Finland: Media

Images

Finland

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map of Finland showing its national boundaries with Norway, Sweden, and Russia, as well as major cities such as Helsinki, Tampere, Turku, Oulu, and Rovaniemi. The map also features surrounding bodies of water, including the Baltic Sea, and includes a small locator map highlighting Finland's position in northern Europe.

Finland

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Map showing Viking travels, trading, and raiding routes from the 9th to 11th centuries across Europe, the North Atlantic, and into North America. Viking homelands in Scandinavia are shaded, with routes extending to Iceland, Greenland, the British Isles, France, Eastern Europe, and L'Anse aux Meadows in present-day Canada. Key settlements and areas of initial Viking presence are marked. An inset map in the lower left shows the 1000-year anniversary reenactment route of Leif Eriksson's voyage from

Viking travels

Routes of travel and settlements by the Vikings from the 9th century to the 11th...

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Birger Jarl

Birger Jarl

Birger Jarl, statue in Stockholm.

Tage Olsin

Gustav Adolphus

Gustav Adolphus

Gustav Adolphus (Gustav II Adolf), portrait by Matthaeus Merian the Elder, 1632;...

Statens Historiska Museer (State Historical Museums), Skoklosters slott (Skokloster Castle), Stockholm, Sweden 614_SHOES), shm.se.

Sveaborg (Suomenlinna) fortress

Sveaborg (Suomenlinna) fortress

Sveaborg (Suomenlinna) fortress, near Helsinki, Finland.

© Scanrail/stock.adobe.com

Alexander II

Alexander II

Alexander II, detail of a portrait by an unknown artist, 19th century; in the collection...

Courtesy of Hillwood, Washington, D.C.

Alexander III

Alexander III

Alexander III.

Prints and Photographs Division/Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (digital file no. LC-USZ62-128133)

Carl Gustaf Mannerheim

Carl Gustaf Mannerheim

Carl Gustaf Mannerheim.

UPI/Bettmann Archive

Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg

Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg

Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg, detail from an oil painting by Antti Favén, 1921; in the Ateneum...

Courtesy of the Office of the Prime Minister, Helsinki

Urho Kaleva Kekkonen

Urho Kaleva Kekkonen

Urho Kaleva Kekkonen.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Finland's first female president

Finland's first female president

Tarja Halonen, a member of Finland's Social Democratic Party, running for reelection...

© Igor Dolgov/Dreamstime.com

Swedish Prime Minister Magdalena Andersson in a blue coat stands beside Finnish Prime Minister Sanna Marin in a black jacket outdoors before a meeting in Stockholm.

Magdalena Andersson and Sanna Marin

Swedish Prime Minister Magdalena Andersson (center) and Finnish Prime Minister Sanna...

Paul Wennerholm—TT News Agency/AFP via Getty Images