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History of Angola
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Angola Map of Angola showing its international boundaries, major cities, and neighboring countries, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Namibia, and Botswana. The capital city, Luanda, is marked on the Atlantic coast. An inset locator map highlights Angola's position on the African continent. Map of Africa showing the location of the historical Kingdom of Kongo, highlighted in orange along the west-central coast near the Atlantic Ocean, in the region overlapping present-day Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Surrounding countries and geographic features are labeled for context. Map of Southern Africa highlighting the principal peoples present from the 17th to mid-19th century, with names of groups such as San, Zulu, Xhosa, Sotho, Tswana, Herero, and others labeled across the region. Major rivers, lakes, plateaus, and select towns are shown, along with some physical features and archaeological sites. Modern political boundaries are outlined for reference. Map of Africa highlighting the location of the historical kingdom of Ndongo in orange, situated in present-day Angola along the continent's southwestern coast. Surrounding countries and bodies of water such as the Atlantic Ocean are labeled for geographic context. Colonization of Africa: Maps, Timeline, Decolonization, & Independence Map of colonial southern Africa from 1884 to 1905, using color codes to show territories controlled by Britain, Portugal, and Germany at different times. The map highlights British-controlled areas in orange, Portuguese-controlled areas in purple, German-controlled areas in green, and disputed regions in red, with boundaries and key colonial regions labeled. Major features include German South West Africa, German East Africa, Angola, Mozambique, Cape Colony, and the Orange Free State. Antique map from 1902 showing central Africa with colonial territories labeled as Kamerun, French Kongo, Kongo Free State, Portuguese West Africa, British East Africa, German East Africa, East Africa, and Rhodesia. The map details rivers, cities, and borders of the era, with an inset map of Madagascar in the lower right corner. Map of Africa showing the territorial divisions and colonial possessions by European powers from the late 19th to early 20th century. Countries and regions are color-coded to indicate British, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Italian, Belgian, and German control, with independent countries and British-Egyptian condominium also marked. The map highlights the extent and timing of colonization, with most of the continent under European rule except for Ethiopia and Liberia. Map of Africa in 1960 showing the political status of each territory or country. Many countries gained independence that year, including Nigeria, the Republic of the Congo, Senegal, Mali, Niger, Chad, and the Central African Republic. Countries already independent at that time included Ethiopia, Liberia, Ghana, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Sudan, and South Africa. More than 20 territories remained under colonial rule.

History of Angola: References & Edit History

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

  • William Gervase Clarence-Smith
  • John Kelly Thornton
    Professor, Department of History and African American Studies Center, Boston University.
  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

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Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Article title updated for style. Nov 06, 2026
Cross-references added. Nov 06, 2025
Cross-reference added. Oct 22, 2024
New article added. Aug 17, 2023
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