hierarchical segregation

…the gender wage gap is vertical segregation. Vertical segregation, also known as hierarchical segregation, or the “authority gap,” refers to the fact that men are much more likely than women to be in positions of authority. A number of researchers have found a significant pro-male bias in promotion decisions that…

…made up of two dimensions: vertical segregation and horizontal segregation. The phenomenon of occupational sex segregation can be used to explain each: pay differentials between men and women across occupations within a given labour force characterize vertical segregation, while horizontal segregation illustrates the separation of various individuals in terms of…