heteronomy

theology and philosophy

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June 29, 2026

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Heteronomy, in theology and philosophy, refers to subjection to something external, signifying a lack of moral freedom or self-determination. This is the opposite of autonomy, which means self-governance or leading one's life according to one's own authentic reasons, values, or desires.12

In a Kantian view, a person is heteronomous when their choices are influenced by external factors like convention, peer pressure, or authority, rather than by their own rationality. This contrasts with autonomy, where actions are guided by reason and the categorical imperative, treating oneself and others as ends in themselves. Heteronomy is thus associated with dependence and unfreedom, while autonomy is linked to independence and self-determination.234

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Paul Tillich
Early life and education
…theological work: the relation of heteronomy to autonomy and their possible synthesis in theonomy. Heteronomy (alien rule) is the cultural and spiritual condition when traditional norms and values become rigid external demands threatening to destroy individual freedom. Autonomy (self-rule) is the inevitable and justified revolt against such oppression, which nevertheless…
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…theological work: the relation of heteronomy to autonomy and their possible synthesis in theonomy. Heteronomy (alien rule) is the cultural and spiritual condition when traditional norms and values become rigid external demands threatening to destroy individual freedom. Autonomy (self-rule) is the inevitable and justified revolt against such oppression, which nevertheless…
Read More